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Main results In vitro (including biofilms) and in vivo studies (using zebrafish embryos for the first

in 2013
time) have proven that modifications introduced in Cpl-7, a pneumococcal phage
lysozyme, significantly increase its lethal activity and broaden its spectrum of ac-

tion against other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

• díeZ-MArtíneZ r. et Al. Improving the letal effect of cpl-7, a pneumococcal phage
lysozyme with broad bactericidal activity, by inverting the net charge of its cell

wall-binding module. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. (2013) 57:5355-65.

Klebsiella pneumoniae subverts host inflammatory response by means of transacti-

vating human EGFR receptor through capsular antigen recognition by TLR4.

• FrAnk cg et Al., Klebsiella pneumoniae targets an EGF receptor-dependent
pathway to subvert inflammation. Cell Microbiol. (2013) 15:1212-33.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates cell apoptosis to its own benefit to signifi-

cantly favor the spread of infection. This aspect is only observed in virulent strains

and not in BCG or MTBVAC vaccine strains.

• Aguilo Ji, et Al. ESX-1-induced apoptosis is involved in cell-to-cell spread of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Microbiol. (2013) 15:1994-2005.

SP-BN and SP-A proteins present in alveolar fluid act synergistically against several

bacterial lung pathogens in vitro and in vivo.

Both proteins have a therapeutic effect in vivo once infection by Klebsiella pneumo-

niae is established, suggesting the possible therapeutic use of recombinant forms.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) modulates ubiquitination and ISGylation process-

es during infection and causes reduced expression of human glucocorticoid receptor

GCa in differentiated bronchial epithelium, suggesting that said infection may favor
the corticoid-resistance phenomenon.

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