Page 55 - MemoriaCIBER2019-ENG

CIBERDEM 55
Molecular mechanisms associated with the appearance and progression of chronic complications of diabetes: therapeutic strategies
Treatment with the hypoglycemic drug empagliflozin has been reported to protect against macrovascular disease in ApoE-deficient mice regardless of glucose levels and blood pressure values (Ortega et al., Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019). The study has been carried out in collaboration between two CIBERDEM groups.
It has been described that the evaluation of retinal sensitivity in combination with ocular fixation parameters by means of microperimetry could be a reliable method to detect prodromal stages of dementia in the type 2 diabetic population (Ciudin et al., J Clin Med. 2019). This is the basis of a multidisciplinary project awarded by the EU-H2020 and coordinated by the CIBERDEM group. Topical administration of neuro-protective drugs has been shown to prevent progression of retinal neurodegeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes (Simó et al., Diabetes 2019).
The effects of the first-choice oral antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride have been compared with those of metformin glycinate in hepatocytes of mice and humans, with a greater effect of metformin glycinate in inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as a more sustained phosphorylation of hepatocytes suggesting that this chemical form is a more effective therapeutic alternative (Rada et al., Food Chem Toxicol. 2019). The work has been carried out in collaboration with Laboratorios Silanes S.A.
A simple method such as the ankle-brachial systolic pressure index has been described to identify patients with undiagnosed peripheral arterial disease (Nattero-Chavez et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019). In patients with type 1 diabetes, both peripheral arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis are associated with autonomic cardiovascular neu- ropathy.
PROGRAMME 2. Molecular and cellular determinants of the function, lesion and protection of pancreatic islets. Regenerative medicine and advanced therapies.
Coordinator: Franz Martín Bermudo
Function and regulation of pancreatic islets:
molecular and cellular bases and therapeutic targets
It has been described that the diabetogenic effect of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A may be mediated by its action on the expression and function of the Na + and K + channels of pancreatic beta cells. This modulation occurs via activation of estrogen receptors typeb (Martínez-Pinna et al., Diabetologia 2019).
The consumption of olive oil has been reported to regulate glucose homeostasis by improving insulin sensitivity and the function of pancreatic beta cells, in cases of type 2 diabetes (Jurado-Ruiz et al., Sci Rep 2019).
Cocoa consumption has been described as protecting against vascular structural alterations of diabetes. The Sirt-1, Nox2 and Nrf2 routes are implicated in this effect (Álvarez-Cilleros et al, Mol Nutr Food Res).
The absence of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFSF14 has been established to improve hepatic glucose tolerance and inflammation in hepatic steatosis (Herrero-Cervera et al., Diabetologia 2019).